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IPPNW Statement on the Use of White Phosphorous by Israeli Forces in Gaza,
December 2008 / January 2009IPPNW has
released the following statement, signed by the Federation's three Co-Presidents,
in response to the escalating conflict in the Middle East. Released February
6, 2009
[PDF 64KB] IPPNW
notes with grave concern the use of white phosphorus by Israeli forces in the
recent war against Gaza. As physicians committed to reducing the suffering brought
by warfare, we recognise the inhumane and indiscriminate effects of white phosphorus,
and strongly condemn its use in armed conflict under any circumstances.
White
Phosphorus (WP) ignites spontaneously in air, the resultant oxide combining rapidly
with moisture to form droplets which produce a very effective smoke screen. On
contact with skin, WP causes painful and deep chemical burns, often extending
to bone that are very slow to heal. Such burns, or the inhalation of WP droplets
that can cause severe damage to the airways, are often fatal.
WP's military
utility stems from both its smoke-screening and its incendiary properties. It
has been used for both purposes many times since 1916, including against Dresden,
Hamburg and Cherbourg in the Second World War; by Iraqi forces, principally as
ground-bursts, in the 1980s war against Iran, by US forces against Fallujah in
Iraq in 2004; and now by Israeli forces in Gaza, often as air-bursts.
IPPNW
calls for a ban on the use of white phosphorus in armed conflict. Its use against
positions holding many civilians (including children), must be particularly condemned,
its inhumane medical effects are such that its use in weaponry can never be justified.
IPPNW
notes that the use of WP is not regarded as illegal under the Chemical Weapons
Convention as it is deemed to be a conventional weapon for creating smoke screens.
However weapons which "may be deemed to be excessively injurious or to have
indiscriminate effects" are also banned by Protocol III of the "Convention
on Certain Conventional Weapons". Noting that WP causes injuries that are
both excessively injurious and indiscriminate, and that these effects are entirely
predictable when the weapon is used, IPPNW calls for the explicit and complete
banning of WP from armed conflict, and for its use to be prohibited by the Chemical
Weapons Convention and recognised as a criminal offence under international law
International
Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW), recipient of the Nobel Peace
Prize in 1985, is a non-partisan, global federation of national affiliates in
more than 60 countries, including Israel and Palestine, dedicated to research,
education and advocacy, relevant to the prevention of all wars. To this end, IPPNW
seeks to promote non-violent conflict resolution and to minimize the effects of
war. IPPNW has long advocated a peaceful and just resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian
conflict and has developed a Medical Roadmap for peace in the Middle East.
Helsinki, Moscow, and Stockholm on February 6, 2009 Vappu Taipale, Sergey Kolesnikov,
and Ime John Co-presidents of IPPNW
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